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The reproductives reside in a central chamber in the nest in which a femalequeen or queen, will put many thousands of eggs every year over her entire life span of approximately a decade. Man, or kings, are responsible to fertilising the queens. Multiple reproductives are commonly observed.
The young termites develop in the colony by shedding cuticles in the end of each growth stage, gradually changing until they get to the employee, soldier or adult (winged form). If queens perish, some supplementary reproductives can carry on the colony as neotenics.
Reproductives are generally darker than workers and soldiers. They have functional eyes and their more robust skin (cuticle) can resist the external environment. After flight, unlike other insects, the wings of termites are lost and piles of discard wings are a good clue to termite infestations.
Soldiers have , larger heads that are darker than the other castes. They are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs.
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Soldiers are tougher than the other castes and take longer to die from many toxins, exposure, or starvation. It is their function to defend the colony, if disturbed, while the damage is repaired by the workers.
Soldiers exist in different types. Many species have soldiers, together with well-developed jaws (mandibles) utilized to crush attackers, such as ants.
Nastute soldiers occur in Nasustitermes species and therefore are only rarely found as pests in Victoria. They've a snout where they eject a solution which irritates and glues attackers.
Phragmotic soldiers have a huge head, which can be wedged in tunnels to block attackers. Are only occasional introductions to Victoria.
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The employees account for the greatest number of termites within the colony, and are consequently responsible for the most damage.
They collect food construct tunnels and fix damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These termites are believed to work 24 hours per day during their life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They're blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .
Termites hatch from eggs which have been tended by their own nest mates in specially constructed nurseries.
As soon as they're mature enough, the young work within the colony where occupations change with age and adulthood.
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Once a single colony gets sufficiently large it produces winged reproductives which wait in specially constructed chambers until ready to depart the nest and undertake a colonising flight.
They leave the nest for a swarm under conditions of high humidity atmosphere, and at times low light. Termites are not strong fliers and usually only fly up to 1km, although breezes and updrafts can carry them a lot further.
Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and evokes a calling scent. Men quickly respond.
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They dig in and within the next few weeks, partner and take care of their young until enough workers develop to take over the maintenance functions.
New colonies are sometimes established via budding. This is believed to happen when the extremities of the colony get rid of contact and eventually become independent.
The king and queen are thought to exude hormones, which suppress the sexual development of the remainder of the colony. However, this control breaks down these details whether the territory is large or contact groups is lost.
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Termites work collectively in nests or colonies. They hatch from eggs as larvae, which are fed by adult termites. They then develop into castes or four forms of termite:
Soldiers have black heads, are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Soldiers are more demanding than other castes and might take longer to control. Several species of soldier termites have strong jaws (mandibles) used to crush attackers, like ants.
Workers are colourless, blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Employees are the largest caste within a colony and are, therefore, responsible for damage.
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Reproductives that are darker in colour to castes, have functional eyes and strong skin. This caste becomes the leaders of prospective colonies.
The temperature, food quality, and activity of the colony will determine how long it takes to get a termite to grow from egg to adult.
Nests and tunnels are kept moist because worker termites cannot stand low humidity for long intervals. The temperature within the nursery of a massive nest ranges between 10 C and 35 C but varies more than one level a day. The relative humidity is approximately 100 per cent.
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It is important to correctly identify the kind of infestation prior to beginning treatment. This can allow you to understand the customs of the colony, locate the nest and indicate the method of control.